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RAS syndrome
RAS syndrome (short for "redundant acronym syndrome syndrome") refers to the use of one or more of the words that make up an acronym or initialism in conjunction with the abbreviated form, thus in effect repeating one or more words. Two common examples are "PIN number" (the "N" in PIN stands for "number") and "ATM machine" (the "M" in ATM stands for "machine"). Other names for the phenomenon include PNS syndrome ("PIN number syndrome syndrome", which expands to "personal identification number number syndrome syndrome") or RAP phrases ("redundant acronym phrase phrases").
A person is humorously said to suffer from RAS syndrome when they redundantly use one or more of the words that make up an acronym or initialism with the abbreviation itself. Usage commentators consider such redundant acronyms poor style that is best avoided in writing, though they are common in speech.〔Garner, Bryan A. (2000) ''The Oxford Dictionary of American Usage and Style.'' Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.〕 The degree to which there is a need to avoid pleonasms such as redundant acronyms depends on one's balance point of prescriptivism (ideas about how language ''should'' be used) versus descriptivism (the realities of how natural language ''is'' used). For writing intended to persuade, impress, or avoid criticism, usage guides advise writers to avoid pleonasm as much as possible, not because such usage is always "wrong", but rather because most of one's audience may ''believe'' that it is always wrong.
The term ''RAS syndrome'' is intentionally redundant, and thus an example of self-referential humor.
== Origin ==
The term ''RAS syndrome'' was coined in 2001 by ''New Scientist''.〔 The similar term ''PNS syndrome'' was first used by Usenet users.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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